Apparatus for braking shuttles in looms for weaving



R. RossMANN 2,057,114

APPARATUS FOR BRAKING SHUTTLES IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING Filed June 1, 1935 5 sheets-sheet 1 Oct. 13, 1936. R. RossMANN APPARATUS FOR BRAKING SHUTTLES IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING Filed June l, 1955 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 /A-r-VD WJ Enf.

Oct. 13, 1936.

Filed .June l,

R. ROSSMANN APPARATUS FOR BRAKING SHUTTLES IN Loo 2,057,114 Ms FOR WEAVING 1933 5 sheets-sheet :5

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APPARATUS FOR BEARING SHUTTLES IN LOOMS FOB WEAVING Rudolf Rossmann, Gauting, near Munich, Germany, assigner to iirm Tefag Textil-Finanz A.G., Zurich, Switzerland Application June 1, 1933, Serial No. 673,810 In Germany June 4, 1932 7 Claims. (Cl. 139-185) 'I'his invention relates to apparatus for brakindividually or collectively. A curve representing ing shuttles in looms for weaving. the braking force applied is thus asymptotic. For the purpose of braking a shuttle as this Preferably means are provided for moving all enters the shuttle box, it has been proposed to the braking elements out of engagement with the 5 provide the shuttle box with a swell consisting, shuttle after this has come to rest in the shuttle 5 for example, of a spring blade which projects into box, each braking element being conveniently the shuttle box and frictionally engages the side loaded pneumatically, hydraulically or by a spring of the shuttle, a buier of hide or wood being usuor weight. ally provided against which the shuttle strikes. The last brakingelement to be engaged by the l With arrangements of this type the swell tends shuttle as this passes into the shuttle box may 10 to apply a sudden braking force to the shuttle as be associated with an indicating device or means soon as this enters the box, whilst, furthermore, for stopping the loom. In this way, when the the shuttle is not always sumciently braked with shuttle does not vfully pass into the shuttle box the result that it strikes the bu'er with such force the braking element which is normally the last l as to produce undesirable vibrations which are to be engaged and displaced by the shuttle is l5 transmitted to the loom as a whole. When sevnot actuated and the said device or the means eral swells have been provided so as to act sucfor stopping the loom is rendered operative. cessively on the shuttle during its movement into Each braking element may be in the form of the box, a smooth progressive braking of the shutal spring plate the free end of which is inclined n tle has not been obtained, chiefly because the towards the inner end of the shuttle, the spring swells have not been capable of acting independplates being preferably carried on a common ently of each other, and the present invention has supporting member which can be adjusted in for its object to overcome these difculties. relation to the path of the shuttle.

According to the invention there is arranged in Instead of employing a series of braking elethe shuttle box at least one braking element ments as above described apparatus according to 25 which can be displaced by and act on the shuttle the invention may comprise a plunger arranged when this enters the box, the braking force thus in a cylinder forming part of the shuttle box applied to the shuttle increasing progressively so that the plunger lies in the path of the shutduring displacement of the braking element. tle, a series of ports being provided in the wall T0 As opposed to known shuttle braking devices of the cylinder which ports are closed succes- 30 l therefore in which the braking force is suddenly sively by the plunger as this is displaced into applied to the shuttle and remains substantially the cylinder by the entering shuttle. constant, braking apparatus embodying the pres- Six constructions according to the invention ent invention applies a braking force which inare illustrated somewhat diagrammatically and s creases gradually or step-by-step as the shuttle by Way of example in the accompanying drawpasses into the shuttle box. In this way subings, in which stantially the whole of the energy of the mov- Figure 1 gives three curves indicating the braking shuttle is dissipated by the braking apparatus ing force applied to a shuttle by known means and the shuttle can always be brought to rest in and by lmeans according to the invention,

0 approximately the same position in the box even Figures 2 and 3 are two further curves which 40 when variations in the shuttle speed occur. indicate respectively the speed of the shuttle with Preferably two or more braking elements or a known form of braking and with braking acswells are arranged to project into the shuttle cording to the invention, box so as to be successively displaced and to act Figures 4 and 5 illustrate in sectional side ele- .5 on the shuttle as this passes into the box, each vation one construction according to the invenbraking element being yieldingly pressed towards tion, the shuttle independently of the other braking Figures 6 and? illustrate another construction, element or braking elements. 'Ihe braking eleand ments are thus successively engaged and dis- Figures 8, 9, 10, and 11 show respectively four placed by the shuttle so that the braking eilect further constructions each embodying the in- 50 thereon progressively increases. If desired the vention. force necessary to displace a braking element is In Figure 1 the curves are plotted with disthe greater the more remote the element is from tance of travel of the shuttle as abscissae X and the open end of the shuttle box, the tension or braking forces Y as ordinates. With knwn 5.5 loading of the braking elements being adjustable forms of shuttle swell the braking force during according to the invention.' whilst tl'curve C indicates the braking torce applied by another form o! braking apparatus also according 4to the inventionWFrom-curve B it will be seen that the braking force applied gradually rises from zero value at the moment when the shuttle commences to enter the shuttle box, whilst the curve C indicates a braking force which increases asymptoti- "callyr" gradually increases so that the decrease in speedV The curve/illustrated in Figure 2 represents the speed of the shuttle during its passage from one shuttle box, through the shed, until it comes to restin the other shuttle box. The left hand end of the curve in Figure 2 shows the sudden rise iin speed of the shuttle as motion is imparted'to it by the picker, the speed of the shuttle falling slightly as the shuttle passes through the shed. When the shuttle enters the shuttle box after passing through the shed, the braking force applied to it remains substantiallyconstant so that its speed decreases as indicated by the straight line at the right hand end of Figure 2. In Figure 3 the speed curve illustrates the speed ofthe shuttle when braking means according i to the invention are employed, and it will be seen that when the shuttle enters the shuttle box after passing through the shed, the braking force 0i the shuttle is not represented by a straight line asin Figure 2 but by a curved line which indicates that the speed oi the shuttle is reduced progressively. The curved part of the speed curve at the right hand end of Figure 3 is asymptotic, that is to say approaches an ordinate to the right of this curved portion in such a manner that it will not meet such ordinate with- 45 in a nite distance.

It will therefore be seen that even if fI'uctua-I tions take place in the speed of the shuttl,4since braking of the shuttle is effected progressively A variations in the curve which indicate the reduction in speed of the shuttle during braking will be less than the variations which will take placev in the'corresponding curve when known forms oi' braking are appplied and which would have a speed curve inclined to the abscissae, for example as shown towards the right ha'nd end of the curve in Figure 2.

Figures 4 and 5 illustrate one construction of braking apparatus according to the invention. In this construction the shuttle I, after passing through the shed, enters the shuttle box 2 'and successively engages braking elements 3a, 3b, 3c,

3d, 3e, and 3f. Each braking element is be'velled oil, as shown, on that side adjacent to the open end of the shuttle box so that wear on the shuttle is reduced. The braking elements 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d,

' 3e, and 3f are loaded respectivelyA by springsla,

the shed, it enters the shuttle box as shown in Figure 4 and successively forces the braking elements 3a,f3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, and If outwards against the action of their loading springs 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, and If, whereby the braking force is progressively applied to the shuttle. When the shuttle arrives at the end ci its inward movement and thereby forces the braking element 3l outwards, the contacts 1 are opened as shown in Figure 5,

the circuit 8, being at this moment closed at an- `other point by means not shown. If however the shuttle I does not properly enter the shuttle box 2 and thus does not move the braking element 3f to open the contacts 1, the closing of the circuit 8 will result in the loom being stopped. Thus, the arrangement is such that when normal operation of the shuttle is taking place, the circuit 8 is always broken at at least one point, but

when the shuttle tails to pass iully into the shuttle box 2, the circuit will be closed and the loom stopped, or a signal actuated so as to indicate that loperation oi the loom should cease.

The desired progressive action of the braking elements 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, and 3l may be obtained by adjusting the screws Bd, 5b, lc, 6d, le, and 5f, or, if desired, this progressive action may be obtained by increasing succcessively the tension oi the springs la, 4b, 4c, 4d, le, and 4f. Y

In Figures 6 and l an arrangement is shown suitable for use in braking shuttles of the gripping `their springs l, a projecting end oi' the member II serving to support the shuttle I from below, as shown in Figure 6. It is now necessary to release the shuttle in order to permit of its return to the projecting box,y and to this end the member II, which may be spring-controlled, is moved so that it iirst releases the shuttle I, as shown in Figure '1, whereupon the projection II) engages all the braking elements 3 and moves them outwards against their springs 4. The shuttle then drops down from the position shown in Figure '1 into engagement with means (not shown) whereby the shuttle is returned, for example out side the shed, to the projecting box.

A further construction for use with nipper shuttles is illustrated in Figure 8, in which the braking elements are carried on a spindle I2 on the shuttle box 2 which is furnished with a brakerelease device I3. Each braking element cornprises a shoe Il pivoted on the spindle I2'and carrying a leaf spring 4 the free end of which bears against a set screw 5 threaded to engage the shuttle box 2. When the shuttle I enters the successively engages the shoes I4 and, turning 'i these about the spindle I2, ilexes the springs l.

The release device I3 is now moved upwards as indicated by the arrow, thereby turning all the shoes I4 about the spindle I2 lin the counter-- clockwise direction so that the shuttle I is released and drops down into engagement with means (not shown) for returning the shuttle to the projecting box.

In the construction illustrated in Figure 9, each braking element comprises a lever Il pivoted on the spindle I2 and acted upon by a weight 2,051,114 I5, the release mechanism being indicated at If.'

'I'he eective braking torce applied by each braking element I4 to the shuttle I maybe adjusted by engaging the weight I5 with oneof several notches I1 formed in the lever I4. Thusjwhen the nipper shuttle I, after passing rthrough the shed, enters the shuttle box 2,- the levers I4 are successively engaged and turned about the spindie I2 in the counterclockwise direction against the action of the weights I5. The release lever I6 is then rotated in the clockwise direction so'that its inner end bears against all the levers I4 and turns these in the counterclockwise'direction about. the spindle I2. The shuttle I is in this way released and drops down into engagement with means for returning the'shuttle to the'projecting box.

In the constructiony illustrated in Figure 10, the braking elements 4 are in the form of spring blades having their free ends inclined .towards the inner end of the shuttle box. 'I'he blades 4, which may be made of diii'erent tension andvneed not be parallel to each other, are carried in slotsinwards towards the path o f the shuttle the toggie levers locking the member I9 in this position. The shuttle, as it passes into the shuttle box, is progressively engaged by the springs 4 and is thus braked. Any tendency for the shuttle to rebound from the box is prevented dueto the oblique arrangement of the springs 4 which will grip the shuttle I against reverse movement. If now the shuttle is to be projected from the box 2, the control rod 23 is drawn outwards, thereby moving the member I9 away from the shuttle I so that this is free to move out of the shuttle box either in the direction of l the length of the weft or in a direction transversely thereto.

Figure 11 illustrates a further construction in which, instead of employing a series of spring or Weight loaded braking elements, a single pneumatically loaded braking element is employed. To this end the shuttle I, on entering the shuttle l box 2, engages a plunger 24 so that this is moved inwards within a cylinder 25. When the plunger 24 commences to move inwards air within the chamber 25 can escape through a series of bores 26a, 2Gb, 26e, 26d, 26e, and 26j, the plunger covering these bores successively so as progressively to reduce the rate at which air can be displaced from the cylinder during the inward movement of the plunger. In this way the braking eiect on the shuttle'l will increase progressively as the shuttle passes into the shuttle box. The shuttle can then be projected from the shuttle box 2 by means of a spring 21 which is compressed during the inward movement of the plunger 24, air being admitted to the chamber 25 during the projecting movement of the plunger 24 through a plate valve 28 controlled by a spring 29 which normally holds the plate valve over an air inlet aperture 30.

It will be understood that instead of loading the braking elements .by means of springs as above described these may be loaded pneumatically or hydraulically and, though an indicating device or loom stopping mechanism has only been included in the construction described with reference to Figures 4 andf-5 such indicating device or loom stopping mechanism may be similarly employed in conjunction with other. constructions such, for example as those described above with reference to Figures 6 to 10 inclusive.

I 'claimbl. In an apparatus for braking shuttles in looms for weaving, the combination with a shuttle box of a plurality of individual braking elements which project into the shuttle box and are adapted. to be successively displacedby and to successively and individually act on the shuttle as this passes into the box, individual resilient means connected with each individual braking element, said means operating and pressing the element with which it is connected onto the shuttle independently from all the others of said elements, whereby stepwise braking action only is applied to the shuttle, said braking elements comprising longitudinal blocks which are adapted to individual resilient means connected with each individual braking element, said means operating and pressing the element with which it is connected onto the shuttle independently from all the others of said elements, whereby stepwiser braking action only is applied to the shuttle.

3. In an apparatus for braking shuttles in looms for weaving, the combination with a shuttle box o1' a plurality of individual braking elements which allproject from one side into the shuttle box and are adapted to be successively displaced by, and to successively and entirely independently from one another, act on one side of the shuttle as this passes into the box; individual resilient means connected with each individual braking element, said means operating and pressing the `element with which it is con-.-

nected onto the shuttlefidependently,from all the others of said elements, whereby stepwise braking action only is applied to the shuttle;

and individual adjusting means individually connected with said individual resilient means for individually and independently from one another adjusting the braking force of the individual elements.

4. In an apparatus for braking shuttles in looms for weaving, the combination with a shuttle box, of a plurality of individual braking elements which all project from one side into the shuttle box and are adapted to be successively displaced by, and to successively yand entirely vindependently from one another, act on only one side of the shuttle as this passes into the box; individual resilient means connected with each individual braking element, saidaneans operating and pressing the element with which it is connected onto the shuttle independently from all the others of said elements, whereby stepwise braking action only is applied to the shuttle; and adjusting means connected with said resilient means for adjusting the braking force ol.' said braking elements.

5. In an apparatus for braking shuttles in looms for weaving, the combination with a shuttle box, of a plurality of individual braking elements which project into the shuttle box and areadapted to be successively displaced by, and to successively and entirely independently from one another, act on the shuttle as this passes into the box; individual resilient means connected with each individual braking element, said means operating and pressing the element with which it is connected onto the shuttle independently from all the others of said elements, whereby stepwise braking action only is applied to the shuttle; and individual adjusting means conlnected with each of said resilient means for individually adjusting the braking'force of said braking elements, said adjusting means being accessible from without the shuttle box.

6. In an apparatus for braking' shuttles in looms for weaving, the combination with a shuttle box, of a plurality of individual braking ele-1 v ments which project into the shuttle box and are adapted to be successively displaced by, and'to successively and individually act on, the shuttle as this passes into the box; and individualre'- silient means connected with each individual braking element, said means operatingr andl pressing the element with which itis connected onto the shuttle independently from all the others of said elements, whereby stepwise braking action only is applied to the shuttle, said braking elements comprising longitudinal blocks having a rectangular configuration and being adapted to slidingly reciprocatingly move in a direction which is perpendiclar to the direction of movement of the shuttle.

- RUDOLF ROSSMANN. 

